These rivers had their source in the now tibetan region. Mar 20, 2018 indus river system in hindi drainage system of india geography for sscupsc csevivek sir duration. Rivers found in the china river valley civilization a. It has a large number of tributaries in both india and pakistan and has a total length of about 2897 km from the source to the point near karachi where it falls into the arabian sea out of which approx 700km lies in india. The important river system of north india are als o known by the term the himalayan ri vers. The indus water treaty iwt, which codifies the division and management of the waters of the indus, is. Framework for a contemporary flood management approach 33 10. The indus and ganges river valleys chapter 4 ancient india. The word punjab means land of five rivers and the five rivers are jhelum, chenab, ravi, beas and sutlej, all of which finally flow into the indus. Indus river valley civilization was discovered by the archaeologists in the 1920s it flourished in the bronze age 33000 bce. Salient features pakistans indus river basin system comprises five main rivers, namely the indus, jhelum, chenab, ravi and sutlej. Technology of the indus valley civilization the sewer system description the sewer system was a way to organize sewage and water supply for the people of the indus river valley civilization. Indus river basin food and agriculture organization of the united. The indus river originates from a glacier near bokhar chu in the tibetan region in the kailash mansarovar range near the mansarovar lake.
Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. Before entering the bay of bengal, the ganga, along with the brahmaputra, forms the largest delta of the world between the bhagirathihugli. The confluence of indus and zaskar rivers atnimo, near leh 6. The indus system it is one of the largest river basins of the world, covering an area of 11,65,000 sq. The indus river also called the sindhu is one of the longest rivers in asia. What is the importance of indus river to pakistan answers. Aided by a number of smaller rivers kabul, swat, haro, kunhar, chitral, tochi, shah. The total length of the indus river system is 2,880 km in india 1,114 km. The river indus is the most important river in pakistan, but also the longest river in the country. It is the largest river basin in india and accounts for about onefourth of the total area of the country. Evolution of water institutions in the indus river basin. Jun 20, 2019 indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of indus river in northwestern part of indian subcontinent it is also referred to as harappan civilization owing to the fact that this civilization was first discovered in 1921 at the modern site of harappa situated in the punjab province punjab of current day. The ganga action plan, an environmental initiative to clean up the river, has been a major failure thus far, due to corruption, lack of technical expertise, poor environmental planning, and lack of. The indus valley the harappan or indus civilization the fertility of the indus valley lured farmers to the rivers banks in about 2500 b.
The indus, the ganges, and the bhramaputra along with their tributaries form the most important. This is the first part of indian rivers, here i have discussed the indus river system, with its. Pdf the indus river system is one of the largest rivers on the asian continent, but unlike the gangesbrahmaputra system, the drainage of the indus is. It has a length of 2880 km, of which 709 km lies in india. Tributaries of indus river system of india gkready. In pakistan, the indus river basin covers around 520 000 km.
Indus valley civilization pdf important points short note. A little over a third of the indus basin is located in india in the states of jammu and kashmir, himachal pradesh and the punjab and the rest is in pakistan. The indus river has two main tributaries, the kabul on the right bank and the panjnad on the left. Pdf conservation of indus river dolphin platanista. Originating in the tibetan plateau in the vicinity of lake manasarovar, the river runs a course through the ladakh region of india, towards gilgitbaltistan and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of pakistan to merge into the. The indus river rises in tibet near manas sarovar lake.
Transboundary water governance in the indus river system with particular reference to india and pakistan. There was an agreement that the issue relating to apportionment of the waters of the indus river system should be settled as quickly as possible, in the light of the accepted water distributional principles the following apportionment was agreed to. The indus valley was the site of one of the worlds earliest civilizations. Together with its tributaries, the indus river forms an important river system, which helps the agricultural economy of india.
For millennia the indus valley civilizations have learned how to manage the waters of the indus river water system. The earliest chronicles and hymns of the aryan peoples of ancient india, the rigveda, composed about 1500 bce, mention the river, which is the source of the countrys name. The indus is one of the most important drainage systems of the subcontinent of india. Apr 12, 2020 indian geography rivers in india indus river system. The indus river system contributes 4 per cent of indias water resources whereas it contributes almost 70 per cent of pakistans water resources.
The indus, which is also known as the sindhu, is the westernmost of the himalayan rivers in india. The ganga river system outspreads in india, tibet china, nepal and bangladesh. It has 5 tributaries chenab, ravi, beas, satluj and jhelum. Its population is fragmented into five subpopulations due to six irrigation barrages on the. The people who lived along the indus river developed one of the worlds first great urban civilizations. Flood wave propagation in the indus river, 2010 15 8. According to the regulations of the indus water treaty 1960, india can use only 20 per cent of the total water carried by indus river system.
Indus river system authority irsa water resource development in pakistan 2 rao irshad ali khan. How did ancient farmers use the water of the indus river system to help grow crops. The major indian river systems length of indian rivers. This prezi is meant to explain the trade and commerce that took place during the time of the indus valley civilization. It is a major source of drinking water in the country.
The indus river drains into the arabian sea near the port city of karachi, pakistan after forming a huge delta. The hymns of ancient india speak of the river, which is the source of the countrys name. The earliest chronicles and hymns of the aryan peoples of ancient india, the rigveda, composed about 1500 bce, mention. However, climate changes could have unforeseeable effects on the regions growing population, and they could hinder short and longterm decision making regarding the emerging needs of the energyfoodwater nexus. Several months later in january 2017, at an election rally in indias. The indus river is one of the most beautiful rivers of india.
Himalayan river systems the indus, the ganga and the brahmaputra comprise the himalayan river systems. Pdf a brief history of the indus river researchgate. The indus originates from a glacier near bokhar chu in the tibetan region at an altitude of 4,164 m in the kailash mountain range. Salient features catchment area of indus is most unique in the sense that it contains seven 7 of the worlds highest peaks after mount everest. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. The indus river provides key water resources for pakistans economy especially the breadbasket of punjab province, which accounts for most of the nations agricultural production, and sindh. The indus river dolphin platanista gangetica minor is one of the worlds most threatened cetaceans. Each slide contains wonderful images and simple text based on state and common core standards that helps stude. Hence it belongs to the indus system, and therefore the name indus civilization is appropriate, but it also extends along a wide coastal stretch from the mouths of the narmada and tapti rivers in the east to sutkagen dor18 in the west.
There are two otter species in the indus river basin. The term main added after indus, jhelum, chenab, sutlej, beas or ravi means the main stem of the named river excluding its tributaries, but including all channels and creeks of the main stem of that river and such connecting lakes as form part of the main stem itself. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of indus river in northwestern part of indian subcontinent it is also referred to as harappan civilization owing to the fact that this civilization was first discovered in 1921 at the modern site of harappa situated in the punjab province punjab of current day. The ganges was ranked as the fifth most polluted river of the world in 2007. Irsa press releaseadvisory committee meeting held on 02. The indus river system forms a link between two large natural reservoirs, the snow and glaciers in the mountains and the groundwater contained by the alluvium in the indus plains of the sindh and punjab provinces of pakistan ojeh, 2006.
One of the longest rivers in the world, the indus has long been a vital feature of the land now covered by india and pakistan. Indian geography rivers in india indus river system. Mar 21, 2020 indus valley civilization is the one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. Pdf transboundary water governance in the indus river. The total length of the ganga river from its source to its mouth measured along the hugli is 2,525 km. There is evidence of dry river beds overlapping with the hakra channel. The catchment area of the indus is about 1,165,000 sq km, out of which about 321,284 sq km is in india. Indus river, great transhimalayan river of south asia. Pdf indus water is the lifeblood of the billions of people who live in the river basin shared between india 29%, pakistan 63%, china and. It is endemic to the indus river system in pakistan. Having obtained a secure foothold on the plain and mastered its more. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short.
Indus valley civilization is the one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. There was also a canal system which distributed water from the indus river to where it was needed. The indus waters treaty iwt was signed in karachi on 19 september 1960 by jawaharlal nehru and then ayub khan the treaty gives control over the waters of the three eastern rivers the beas, ravi and sutlej with a mean. When the rivers flood, it left behind rich soil in which to grow crops. Welcome to indus river system authority official website. Jan 19, 2016 himalayan river systems the indus, the ganga and the brahmaputra comprise the himalayan river systems. The indus waters treaty is a waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank, to use the water available in the indus system of rivers. The ruins of mohenjodaro were designated a unesco world heritage site in 1980. The civilization was first identified in 1921 at harappa in the punjab region and then in 1922 at mohenjodaro mohenjodaro, near the indus river in the sindh sind region. The indus valley civilization encompassed most of pakistan, extending from balochistan to sindh, and extending iddidiinto modern day indian states of gujarat, rajasthan, haryana, and punjab, with an upward reach to rupar on the upperon the upper sutlej. Typical cross section of a river channel protected by levees 8 7. It flows through china western tibet, india and pakistan. Archae ologists call this civilization the harappan culture or.
Indus river basin food and agriculture organization. This indus river valley civilizations download includes a visuallyengaging powerpoint on ancient india, mohenjodaro, harappan civilization, the beginning of hinduism, and the caste system. The indus also known as the sindhu, is the westernmost of the himalayan rivers in india. Pollution threatens many fish species and amphibian species and the endangered ganges river dolphin blind dolphin. The himalayan rivers existed even before the formation of himalayas i. The farmers also developed an irrigation system using canals and ditches to supply water for crops. Flowing westwards, it enters india in ladakh district of jammu and kashmir. Jan 20, 2016 brahmaputra or the jamuna as it is known here joins padmameghna at. Indus and ganges river valleys delaware valley school. Indus, ganges, and brahmaputra along with their respective tributaries are the main himalayan rivers. Antecedent drainage they were flowing into the tethys sea.
The indus waters treaty iwt was signed in karachi on 19 september 1960 by jawaharlal nehru and then ayub khan. The indus civilization apparently evolved from the villages of neighbours or predecessors, using the mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture with sufficient skill to reap the advantages of the spacious and fertile indus river valley while controlling the formidable annual flood that simultaneously fertilizes and destroys. It is one of the longest rivers in the world, with a length of some 2,000 miles 3,200 km. Both sites are in presentday pakistan, in punjab and sindh provinces, respectively. The indus arises from the northern slopes of the kailash range in tibet near lake manasarovar.
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